Why it occurs and how to treat prostate inflammation in men.

Inflammation of the prostate, or prostatitis, can be acute and chronic. Most often, organ damage is caused by a specific or non-specific infection, sometimes pathological changes develop as a result of congestion in the small pelvis. The main symptoms are urinary disorders and decreased potency. Treatment should be comprehensive and include the use of medications and normalization of blood circulation in the pelvic organs in men.

Prostatitis treatment

Classification and characteristics of prostatitis

The inflammation of the prostate in men is a pathology that significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and causes a series of serious complications in both the urinary and genital areas.

Prostatitis can be acute and chronic throughout the course. The latter can occur on its own (this occurs more often) or is a consequence of an acute untreated process.

Classify the inflammation of the prostate as follows:

  • The first category, or acute bacterial prostatitis.
  • The second is chronic bacterial inflammation.
  • The third, chronic abacterial prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome). It is subdivided into 3A - inflammatory and 3B - non-inflammatory.
  • The fourth is asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate gland.

The first and second categories are established for patients with a positive bacteriological study. The difference is that the first is diagnosed when the symptoms do not last more than 3 months. With a more prolonged presence of clinical manifestations, chronic bacterial prostatitis is diagnosed.

The third category is also called chronic pelvic pain syndrome, as the main complaint of patients is pain for at least 3 months. When examining the secretions (ejaculation, urine, gland discharge after massage), pathological microflora is not detected. In the event of an increase in the number of leukocytes in these analyzes, inflammatory prostatitis (category 3A) is established, with its normal content - non-inflammatory.

In most men, one of the above categories is identified, as patients seek help due to the presence of certain symptoms of pathology.

Recently, doctors have identified the fourth subtype of the disease: asymptomatic prostatitis. It is diagnosed by chance during medical examinations or when a man is being examined for other diseases of the genitourinary system. The danger in this form lies in the fact that there are pathological changes in the prostate gland, but the disease does not show any subjective signs. This condition often leads to the development of infertility.

Why there is a burning sensation in the urethra in men

Reasons

Acute inflammation of the prostate in men occurs in 70% of cases due to E. coli infection.In other situations, the pathology is caused by Enterobacteriaceae such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus. Staphylococci and streptococci are much less common.

Of specific infections, Neisseria gonorrheae and Trichomonas vaginalis can cause acute prostatitis.

The contributing factors are:

  • Performing various surgical interventions on the male genitourinary organs.
  • Narrowing of the urethra as a result of chronic and acute inflammatory processes in the urethra.
  • Performing diagnostic procedures: cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.
  • Violation of urination as a result of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  • Activation of conditionally pathogenic microflora (Enterobacteriaceae) into pathogenic under the influence of reduced immunity and other diseases of the body.
  • Irregular sex life, leading to stagnation of secretions in the prostate gland.

Chronic inflammation

If chronic prostatitis appears as a continuation of an acute process, then its cause will be the same. In the case of this form of the disease, the main primary predisposing factors are:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Clostridium.
  • Gonorrhea and Trichomonas (can immediately cause a chronic form without an acute period).
  • Salmonella.
  • Various types of mushrooms.

In the mechanism of appearance of the pathology, a phenomenon such as intraprostatic reflux plays an important role: the reflux of urine through the excretory ducts towards the prostate gland. As a result of this process, the infection can easily enter the organ, multiply and cause inflammation. Increase reflux:

  • phimosis (tightening of the foreskin);
  • decrease in the lumen of the urethra;
  • balanoposthitis (inflammation of the foreskin);
  • obstruction of the urethra with stone in urolithiasis.

Reflux and irregular sexual activity increase stagnation processes in the prostate, which leads to the active reproduction of microorganisms, intensification and spread of inflammationAs a result, they can occur and formareas of fibrosis (replacement of normal tissue with non-functional dense connective tissue) prostate stones. All this enhances the pathological process and leads to serious consequences.

Chronic bacterial prostatitis

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is synonymous with this disease and occurs without the presence of any microorganism in the secretions detected by standard microbiological methods.

There are several theories about the appearance of pathology:

  • infectious;
  • chemical inflammation;
  • immune.

Confirmation of the infectious theory is that during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA of pathogens is detected in the secretion of the prostate gland. However, the microorganisms themselves are not detected by other microbiological methods.

Generally, with CPPS, the genetic material of the following bacteria is found:

  • Ureaplasma urealyticum (ureaplasma urealyticum).
  • Mycoplasma hominis.
  • Chlamydia trachomatis.
  • Trichomonas vaginalis.

The theory of chemical inflammation explains CPPS as intraprostatic reflux, but in this case, the cause is not bacteria, but urine itself. Once in the prostate, it causes damage to cell structures and an inflammatory response.

According to immunological theory, the pathology occurs as a result of autoimmune processes or as a result of the immune response to the entry of a foreign antigen into the organ.

In most cases, CPPS is caused not just by one, but by its complex effect.

The provoking factor of asymptomatic prostatitis can be any that can cause the above categories, the difference is only in the course of this form of the disease.

Symptoms

Acute bacterial inflammation of the prostate is characterized by the appearance of general and local symptoms.

Severe pain in the suprapubic region and in the perineum, as well as altered urination to the end, comes first. Of the general symptoms of patients are concerned about body aches, sweating, chills, fever, weakness.

Sometimes pain occurs only during bowel movements or while sitting. In some atypical cases, fever is the only sign of illness.

With severe prostate edema, acute urinary retention occurs. This is due to the fact that the organ with its enlarged size squeezes the urethra and forms a mechanical obstacle to the exit of the contents of the bladder. At the same time, the general condition of the patient is significantly deteriorating: signs of intoxication increase every hour, and in severe cases, disturbances of consciousness and even coma may occur.

In case of delayed diagnosis, complications such as abscess formation (suppuration) of the prostate may occur with increased penetration of pus into the urethra or rectum. As a result, fistulas are formed, which require surgical intervention and reconstructive operations.

Manifestations of chronic bacterial inflammation of the prostate

The manifestations of this form of the disease are diverse and range from a total absence of symptoms to an acute exacerbation of the process.

In most cases, patients are concerned about pain in the perineum and rectum of varying intensity, which can spread to the scrotum, sacrum, penis and thighs. Sometimes the pain syndrome becomes paroxysmal, reminiscent of neuralgia.

Urethral discomfort and frequent urination are also observed. Sometimes discharge from the urethra is determined. They get worse during the day after walking, exercising, having a bowel movement, or massaging the prostate.

There is a feeling of heaviness, pressure, fullness in the rectum and perineum. These symptoms get worse after prolonged sitting. This form of the disease is characterized by the appearance of inflammatory processes in the urinary system, caused by the same microflora - cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis.

Bacterial prostatitis symptoms

CPPS is characterized by a clinical picture of chronic bacterial inflammation of the prostate.

Patients suffer from pelvic and perineal pain for more than 3 months and bacteriological examination results are negative.Several types of urinary disorders are characteristic:

  • frequent urination;
  • difficulty urinating (slow stream, need for extra efforts);
  • pain when urinating.

Sometimes there are sexual dysfunctions: decreased libido, impotence.General symptoms often appear in the form of weakness, headache.

Drug treatment

The mainstay of therapy is antibiotics. In a chronic process, drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones are indicated. For acute prostatitis, beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics are prescribed.The treatment is carried out in 2 stages:

  1. Initially, empirical therapy (before receiving cultures) is prescribed. For this, third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones are used.
  2. In the second stage, the treatment is corrected according to the bacteriological data obtained and the results of sensitivity to antibacterial agents.

These groups of antibiotics are chosen because they penetrate the hematoprostatic barrier and create a high concentration of active substance in the prostate gland. This allows you to eliminate the focus of infection.For bacterial prostatitis, antimicrobial therapy is also prescribed, which is necessary for 2 reasons:

  1. Antibiotics significantly alleviate the condition of patients.
  2. There is a high probability of presence of microorganisms in secretions that are difficult to detect by laboratory methods in the prostate.

The antibiotic regimen for chronic pelvic pain syndrome is as follows:

  • A fluoroquinolone or doxycycline is prescribed for 2 weeks.
  • A repeat examination of the secretion of the prostate gland is carried out and, with a decrease in symptoms, the medication is continued for up to 4 weeks.

Treat patients with asymptomatic prostatitis for the following indications:

  • infertility;
  • before having prostate surgery for prophylaxis;
  • by identifying pathogenic microorganisms in secretions;
  • with an elevated level of antiprostatic antibodies in the blood and positive microbiological tests.

Other media

For prostatitis, drugs from the group of alpha-blockers are prescribed. These funds increase the maximum and average urine flow, reduce the tone in the wall of the urethra and eliminate incomplete opening of the bladder neck during voiding. These effects eliminate phenomena such as:

  • Frequent and painful urination;
  • reduction of jet flow;
  • the need for extra effort to excrete urine.

Typical representatives are alfuzosin, tamsulosin, and doxazosin, which are especially relevant in chronic forms of the disease.The course of treatment for these drugs is at least 3 months.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed as symptomatic therapy. They reduce inflammation, edema and reduce pain.Medicines such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, nimesulide and others are used. The duration of treatment with these agents should not exceed 4 weeks. These medications are taken strictly after eating as they irritate the stomach lining.

In addition to pills, local treatment is also used. For this purpose, patients are prescribed drugs in suppositories such as Vitaprost, Prostatilen, Uroprost, etc. They are also indicated for prostate adenoma.

Herbal Medicine

Saw palmetto fruit extract is widely used in traditional medicine. Active substances reduce inflammation, edema and have a vasoprotective effect (strengthen the vascular wall).

The bark of the African plum has similar effects.

Prostatilen has a natural origin. It is made from the prostate gland of cattle. It has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces the phenomenon of prostate adenoma.

Folk remedies

Prostatitis can be treated with home remedies. First of all, in terms of effectiveness, the use of pumpkin seed oil. You can buy this product in pharmacies. Take it for 1 tablespoon. l. 3 times a day, the course of treatment is 3-4 months.As a prophylaxis of prostate diseases, all men can use 30 pumpkin seeds before meals once a day. They must be eaten raw, since after roasting the healing properties are lost.

Home remedies

Pumpkin seeds prepared according to the following recipe can be used for treatment:

  1. 0. 5 kg of peeled seeds are ground in a meat grinder or blender.
  2. Add 200g of honey and mix everything until smooth.
  3. Form 2-3 cm balls.

Keep them in the refrigerator, take one piece 30 minutes before meals. This product should be chewed for 2-3 minutes and dissolved, not swallowed. The course of treatment is 6 months.

An infusion of leaves or a decoction of hazelnut bark has a healing effect on prostatitis. To prepare the first remedy, you need to take 1 tbsp. l. dry the leaves and prepare in a glass of boiling water. You need to insist for 30 minutes and take 1/4 of the resulting solution 4 times a day. For a decoction of the bark, 1 tbsp. l. Pour 200 ml of crushed raw material and cook in a water bath for 30 minutes. After that, the drug should be cooled down and taken 1/4 cup 4 times a day.

Parsley leaves have a healing effect on prostatitis. It has anti-inflammatory effects and helps restore sexual activity. In this case, parsley juice is used. To do this, the vegetables are crushed to a porridge state and the liquid is squeezed through a cheesecloth folded 3-4 times. Take it for 1 tablespoon. l. 3 times a day.

Treat prostatitis at home and with herbal remedies. One of them is absinthe. It allows you to relieve inflammation and eliminate the pathogen from the body. It is taken dry in the first 3 days; absorbed in the mouth every 2-3 hours. The next four days they reduce the number of receptions to 5. Every day, at night, they make microclysters with the herb.

For this you need to prepare an infusion: 1 tablespoon. l. you need to drink 1 liter of water. The composition should be boiled and allowed to cool to +40 degrees. After that, the solution must be filtered. It is necessary to make injections in the anus (100 ml), as well as in the urethra (50 ml). Procedures must be done within a week. They are indicated in a chronic process.During douching and microclysters, release of pus is possible; this is normal, indicating the effectiveness of the treatment.

Conclusion

In combination with the main methods of treating the disease, physiotherapy, prostate massage and organ acupuncture are used.

Living with chronic prostatitis means undergoing regular comprehensive examinations and therapy, as there is a high probability of loss of reproductive function.